The distribution centers of sympodial bamboos are mainly located in the mountain range of southwest China, while amphipodial and monopodial bamboos are distributed with higher latitude farther east in China. We found that endemic bamboo had a higher speciation rate than non-endemic bamboo. Here, we collected morphological traits (height and leaf length) and environmental variables (including climate, space, and soil) of all 534 Chinese bamboo species to determine the relative contribution of environmental factors and traits of bamboo rhizome evolution with different endemism by structural equation modeling. However, little is known about the differences in the rhizome evolution rate between endemic and non-endemic bamboos. There are 534 bamboo species in China, and 371 endemic species account for about 70% of all bamboo species. Plant endemic species are the result of continuous evolution under the combined action of long-term climatic and geological conditions.
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